Ku ya 14 Ukuboza 2020, Ubwongereza bwatangajea SARS-CoV-2 impinduka (VOC), umurongo B.1.1.7,nanone yitwa VOC 202012/01 cyangwa 20I / 501Y.V1. * TheBivugwa ko B.1.1.7 impinduka zagaragaye muri Nzeri2020 kandi byahise bihinduka byiganjemo kuzengurukaImpinduka ya SARS-CoV-2 mu Bwongereza (1).B.1.1.7 yabayebyagaragaye mu bihugu birenga 30, harimo na Amerika.Nkyo ku ya 13 Mutarama 2021, abagera kuri 76 ba B.1.1.7 bafitebyagaragaye muri leta 12 zo muri Amerika.Imirongo myinshi yibimenyetsoerekana ko B.1.1.7 yanduye neza kurutaizindi SARS-CoV-2 zitandukanye (1-3).Icyitegererezo cyerekanaiyi variant muri Amerika yerekana iterambere ryihuse muntangiriro ya 2021,guhinduka ibintu byiganje muri Werurwe.YiyongereyeKwanduza SARS-CoV-2 bishobora guhungabanya ubuvuzi bukomeyeibikoresho, bisaba kwaguka no kurushaho gushyira mubikorway'ingamba z'ubuzima rusange (4), no kongera ijanisha ryaubudahangarwa bw'abaturage busabwa mu kurwanya icyorezo.Gufataingamba zo kugabanya kwanduza ubu zirashobora kugabanya ubushoboziingaruka za B.1.1.7 no kwemerera igihe gikomeye cyo kongera urukingogukwirakwiza.Hamwe na hamwe, byongerewe imbaraga zo kugenzura genomicbyahujwe no gukomeza kubahiriza abaturage nezaingamba z'ubuzima, zirimo gukingirwa, intera y'umubiri,gukoresha masike, isuku yintoki, no kwigunga na karantine, ubushakekuba ngombwa mu kugabanya ikwirakwizwa rya SARS-CoV-2, virusiitera indwara ya coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19).Ingambakwipimisha abantu badafite ibimenyetso ariko bafite ibyago byinshi byokwandura, nk'abanduye SARS-CoV-2 cyangwa abafiteinshuro nyinshi idashobora kwirindwa nabantu, itanga indiamahirwe yo kugabanya ikwirakwizwa.

Igenzura rya genomic kwisi yose kandi byihuse bifungura-isoko sharingirangingo za virusi zikurikirana byoroheje hafi yigihe-nyacyogutahura, kugereranya, no gukurikirana iterambere rya SARS-CoV-2impinduka zishobora kumenyesha imbaraga zubuzima rusange kugenzura iicyorezo.Mugihe ihinduka ryimiterere muri genome ya virusikwigaragaza hanyuma ugasubira inyuma, abandi barashobora gutanga inama yatoranijwetage kuri variant, harimo nogukwirakwiza kwinshi, kugirangoibintu nkibi birashobora kuganza byihuse izindi zizenguruka.

Kera mubyorezo, variant za SARS-CoV-2 zirimoihinduka rya D614G muri proteine ​​ya spike (S) yiyongerareseptor binding avidity byihuse byiganje muri benshiuturere (5,6).Mu mpera z'umwaka wa 2020, ibihugu byinshi byatangaje ko byabonyeImpinduka za SARS-CoV-2 zikwirakwira neza.Byongeyekuri variant ya B.1.1.7, impinduka zigaragara zirimo B.1.351ibisekuru byagaragaye bwa mbere muri Afrika yepfo kandi biherutse kumenyekanaB.1.1.28 subclade (yahinduwe izina“P.1”) byagaragaye mu bagenzi banekuva muri Berezile mugihe cyo kwisuzumisha bisanzwe kuri Haneda (Tokiyo)ikibuga cyindege.§ Izi variants zitwara inyenyeri ya muta genetiquetions, harimo muri S protein reseptor-ihuza indangarubuga,ni ngombwa mu guhuza ingirabuzimafatizo angiotensin-guhindura enzyme-2 (ACE-2) reseptor kugirango yorohereze virusikwinjira.Ibimenyetso byerekana ko izindi mutation ziboneka muribiimpinduka zishobora gutanga gusa uburyo bwo kwanduza gusa arikoBirashobora kandi kugira ingaruka kumikorere ya bimwe byo gusuzuma-igiheInyandikomvugo-urunigi rwa polymerase (RT-PCR)as¶ kandi ugabanye kwanduza antibodies(2,3,5-10).Raporo yimanza iherutse kwerekana urubanza rwa mbere rwaKugarura SARS-CoV-2 muri Berezile hamwe na SARS-CoV-2yarimo mutation ya E484K, ** yerekanwekugabanya kutabogama na convalescent sera na monoclonalantibodies (9,10).

Iyi raporo yibanze ku kugaragara kwa variant ya B.1.1.7muri Amerika.Kuva ku ya 12 Mutarama 2021, nta naB.1.351 cyangwa impinduka za P.1 zagaragaye muriLeta zunz'ubumwe.Kumakuru yerekeye SARS-CoV-2 igaragaraimpinduka zimpungenge, CDC ikomeza urubuga rwahariwegutanga amakuru kubyerekeranye na SARS-CoV-2 igaragara.††

 B.1.1.7 ibisekuru (20I / 501Y.V1)

Impinduka ya B.1.1.7 itwara ihinduka muri poroteyine S.(N501Y) bigira ingaruka kumihindagurikire ya reseptor-bindingindangarubuga.Iyi variant ifite izindi 13 B.1.1.7 imirongo-isobanura imirongo (Imbonerahamwe), inyinshi murizo ziri muri poroteyine S,harimo gusiba kumwanya wa 69 na 70 (del69-70) ibyoyahindutse ubwayo mubindi SARS-CoV-2 ihinduka kandi nihypothesize kugirango yongere kwanduzwa (2,7).Gusibaku myanya 69 na 70 itera S-gene intego yo kunanirwa (SGTF)byibuze RT-PCR imwe-ishingiye ku gusuzuma (urugero, hamwe naThermoFisher Taq Inzira COVID-19 isuzuma, B.1.1.7ibimonyo nibindi bitandukanye hamwe na del69-70 bitanga umusaruro mubiibisubizo kuri S-gene intego nigisubizo cyiza kubindi bibiriintego);SGTF yabaye intumwa mu Bwongerezayo kumenya imanza B.1.1.7 (1).Imirongo myinshi yibimenyetso yerekana ko B.1.1.7 ari byinshikwanduzwa neza ugereranije nizindi SARS-CoV-2variants zizenguruka mu Bwongereza.Uturere two mu Bwongereza hamweumubare munini wa B.1.1.7 zikurikiranye zagize icyorezo cyihusegukura kuruta utundi turere, kwisuzumisha hamwe na SGTF byariyongereyebyihuse kuruta kwisuzumisha bitari SGTF mubice bimwe, na aumubare munini wimibonano yanduye abarwayi berekanahamwe na B.1.1.7 kwandura kuruta kubarwayi banduye banduyeubundi buryo (1,3).Impinduka B.1.1.7 ifite ubushobozi bwo kongera pan muri Amerikainzira ya demic mumezi ari imbere.Kugaragaza iyi ngaruka,icyitegererezo cyoroshye, bibiri-bitandukanye bigizwe nicyitegererezo.Kugeza ubu Amerika yamamaye B.1.1.7 mubantu bose bazengurukavirusi ntizwi ariko ikekwa kuba <0.5% ishingiye kuriumubare muto wimanza zagaragaye hamwe namakuru ya SGTF (8).Kuriicyitegererezo, ibitekerezo byambere birimo B.1.1.7ya 0.5% mu ndwara zose, ubudahangarwa bwa SARS-CoV-2 kuvakwandura mbere kwa 10%-30%, imyororokere itandukanyeumubare (R t) ya 1.1 (kugabanya ariko kwiyongera)cyangwa 0.9 (kugabanya kwanduza) kubitandukanye byubu, kandi byavuzwe ko byanduye abantu 60 kubantu 100.000 kumunsiMutarama 1, 2021. Ibi bitekerezo ntabwo byerekana nezaahantu hose muri Amerika, ariko, byerekana rusangeibintu bisanzwe mu gihugu hose.Impinduka muri R tigihe gikomoka kubudahangarwa bwabonye no kwiyongeralence ya B.1.1.7, yagereranijwe, hamwe na B.1.1.7 R t yafashweguhora inshuro 1.5 R t yimpinduka zubu, zishingiyeibigereranyo byambere byaturutse mu Bwongereza (1,3).Ibikurikira, ingaruka zishobora gukingirwa zagereranijwedufate ko miliyoni imwe yinkingo yatanzwe kuri buriumunsi utangira ku ya 1 Mutarama 2021, kandi ubwo budahangarwa 95%byagezweho nyuma yiminsi 14 nyuma yo kubona dosiye 2.By'umwihariko,ubudahangarwa bwo kwandura hamwe nuburyo bugezweho cyangwaB.1.1.7 variant yafashwe, nubwo imikorere naigihe cyo gukingira indwara ntikiramenyekana,kuberako ibyo bitari iherezo ryibanze ryibigeragezo byamavuriroku nkingo za mbere.Muri ubu buryo, B.1.1.7 ubwiganze ni buke, nyamara kuberabirashoboka cyane kuruta ibigezweho, birerekanagukura byihuse mu ntangiriro za 2021, bihinduka byiganjeibimonyo muri Werurwe (Ishusho 1).Niba ihererekanyabubashaimpinduka ziriyongera (intangiriro R t = 1.1) cyangwa igabanuka buhoro(intangiriro R t = 0.9) muri Mutarama, B.1.1.7 itera impinduka zikomeyemu ihererekanyabubasha hamwe nicyiciro gishya cya exponentialgukura.Hamwe ninkingo irinda kwandura ,.inzira y'ibyorezo byambere ntabwo ihinduka kandi B.1.1.7 ikwirakwirabiracyagaragara (Ishusho 2).Ariko, nyuma ya B.1.1.7 ihindukavariant yiganje, ihererekanyabubasha ryaragabanutse cyane.Ingaruka zo gukingirwa mukugabanya kwanduza hafiijambo ryari rikomeye mubihe aho kwanduza kwaribimaze kugabanuka (intangiriro R t = 0.9) (Ishusho 2).Imbaraga zambereIrashobora kugabanya ikwirakwizwa rya B.1.1.7, nka rusange nakongera kubahiriza ingamba zo kugabanya ubuzima rusange,bizemerera igihe kinini kugirango urukingo rukomeze rugere hejuruubudahangarwa ku rwego rw'abaturage.

Ikiganiro

Kugeza ubu, nta tandukaniro rizwi mubisubizo byubuvuzibifitanye isano na SARS-CoV-2 yasobanuwe;arikoumuvuduko mwinshi wo kwanduza bizaganisha ku manza nyinshi, kwiyongeraumubare wabantu muri rusange bakeneye ubuvuzi, kwiyongeragukubita umutwaro kuri sisitemu yubuzima imaze gukomera,bikaviramo no gupfa.Gukomeza kugenzura genomickumenya B.1.1.7 imanza, kimwe no kugaragara kwizindiimpinduka zimpungenge muri Amerika, ni ngombwa kuriCOVID-19 igisubizo cyubuzima rusange.Mugihe ibisubizo bya SGTFirashobora gufasha kumenya ibibazo B.1.1.7 bishobora kwemezwamukurikirana, kumenya ibyihutirwa byambere bitagaragazaSGTF yishingikiriza gusa kubikurikirana bishingiye kumurongo.